Ayurveda Initiative For Global Health

Somatic Cells Somatic cells account for all the cells of the body except reproductive cells. Other than gametes, stem cells and germs cells, all the cells of a multicellular organism are known as somatic cells. Diploid somatic cells undergo mitosis and are responsible for growth, repair and regeneration. Somatic terms originate from the word ‘Soma’, which means ‘body’. They make up the entire organism other than cells, which have a reproductive function or are undifferentiated, e.g. stem cells. 🔹Somatic Cells Characteristics ➖Somatic cells are responsible for the growth and development of an organism ➖They are required for repair and regeneration ➖Somatic cells undergo mitosis and contain the same set of chromosomes as the organism ➖Somatic cells have a diploid set of chromosomes as compared to gametes, which are produced by meiosis (reduction division) and have a haploid set of chromosomes ➖Many species like wheat have a varied set of chromosomes in their somatic cells, e.g. hexaploi...

Human Reproduction- Significance of fertilization (a) It provides stimulus for the egg to complete its maturation. (b) It activates the ovum to develop into a new individual by repeated mitotic division. (c) Fertilization restores the diploid number of chromosomes (46 in man) in the zygote by adding male’s haploid set of chromosomes. (d) It makes the egg more active metabolically. (e) It combines the character of two parents and introduces variations. So help in evolution. (f) Sex chromosomes of sperm is either X or Y and helps in sex determination. (g) Fertilization membrane formed after sperm entry, checks the entry of additional sperms. (h) Copulation path sets the axis of division. Menstrual Cycle (1) Menstruation occurs in human, apes and old world monkeys. (2) Menstruation is bleeding from the uterus of adult females at intervals of one lunar month. (3) Beginning of menstruation or first menstruation is called menarche. (4) The beginning of menstruation varies. It usually occurs ...

What are heart valves? The heart has 4 chambers, 2 upper chambers (atria) and 2 lower chambers (ventricles). Blood passes through a valve before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. Valves are actually flaps (leaflets) that act as one-way inlets for blood coming into a ventricle and one-way outlets for blood leaving a ventricle. Normal valves have 3 flaps (leaflets), except the mitral valve. It only has 2 flaps. The 4 heart valves are: Tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Pulmonary valve. The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Mitral valve. This valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It has only 2 leaflets. Aortic valve. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. How do the heart valves work? As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the valves open and shut. This lets blood flow into the...

★Father of Biology: *Aristotle* ★Father of Physics: *Albert Einstein* ★Father of Chemistry: *Jabir Bin Hayan* ★Father of Statistics: *Ronald Fisher* ★Father of Zoology: *Aristotle* ★Father of History: *Herodotus* ★Father of Microbiology: *Louis Pasteur* ★Father of Botany: *Theophrastus* ★Father of Algebra: *Diophantus* ★Father of Blood groups: *Landsteiner* ★Father of Electricity: *Benjamin Franklin* ★Father of Trigonometry: *Hipparchus* ★Father of Geometry: *Euclid* ★Father of Modern Chemistry: *Antoine Lavoisier* ★Father of Robotics: *Nikola Tesla* ★Father of Electronics: *Ray Tomlinson* ★Father of Internet: *Vinton Cerf* ★Father of Economics: *Adam Smith* ★Father of Video game: *Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.* ★Father of Architecture: *Imhotep* ★Father of Genetics: *Gregor Johann Mendel* ★Father of Nanotechnology: *Richard Smalley* ★Father of Robotics: *Al-Jazari* ★Father of C language: *Dennis Ritchie* ★Father of World Wide Web: *Tim Berners-Lee* ★Father of Search engine: *Alan Emtage* ★...

TEA  Synonym: Camellia thea.   Biological source: Tea contains prepared leaves and leaf buds of Thea sinensis Linn.  Family: Theaceae.   Geographical source: Tea is cultivated in India, Srilanka, Indonesia, China and Japan. In India it is cultivated in North-Eastern India (mainly in Assam and Bengal), South India (in Nilgiri, Palni, Annamalai hills in Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka states) and North West India (in Dehradun, Almora and Garhwal district of Uttaranchal, Kangra valley and Mandi district of Himanchal Pradesh).  Cultivation and Collection:  The tea is available in two forms:  1. Black tea  2. Green tea               Black tea is available from India and Srilanka whereas green tea is available from China and Japan. Black tea is obtained by fermentation of fresh tea leaves which further dried artificially.                Green te...

Healthy lungs are pink lungs Healthy lungs look pink and rubbery on the outside. The more you smoke though, the more tarry and black they become. This can have a serious effect on quality of life, and can even cause bubbles (called blebs) rupturing in your lungs (a condition called spontaneous pneumothorax)

The average human adult has 2000-4000 taste buds They aren’t only located on the tongue. These tiny sense organs that give us the ability to taste are also located in the back of your throat, your nose, and your esophagus. That’s right, your nose doesn’t just smell — it can taste too! The sense of smell is a very important component of tasting.

We all know that the heart of a healthy person beats 72 times in 1 minute. We also know that the heart of a man flows blood throughout his body. The question is how much blood our heart pumps in 1 minute 1. Your heart keeps beating even after the body breaks apart as long as it gets enough oxygen because it has its own electrical impulse. 2. A human heart pumps 70 ml of heartbeat once and 4.7 liters in 1 minute and about 7570 liters throughout the day and about 16 million liters of blood throughout life. This is equivalent to a tap being open for 45 years. 3. Which side is the heart: Your heart is not in the left or right side, but in the middle of the chest. 4. After four weeks of pregnancy, the baby's heart starts beating. 5. So far, the lowest 26 beats per minute of a human being and the highest 480 beats per minute has been recorded. 6. Your heartbeat also changes according to the song you are listening to. 7. Every day your heart generates so much energy that a truck...

What is the relationship between gonorrhea and chlamydia? Ans-Gonorrhea and chlamydia are both bacteria that cause STDs. The risk factors are the same for both infections, and both cause similar symptoms. The complications of chlamydia are very similar to gonorrhea except chlamydia is much less likely to affect sites other than the reproductive tract. Diagnosis and treatment are virtually the same as well. If you think you may have an STD, you should see a healthcare professional. They can determine what type it is by testing you as described above, and then start proper treatment.  

What are the differences between macrocytic anemia and microcytic anemia?  Anemia is a term for low hemoglobin or red blood cells. Anemia can be divided into different types based on the volume of the red blood cells. Macrocytic anemia means that the red blood cells are larger than normal. In microcytic anemia, the cells are smaller than normal. We use this classification because it helps us to determine the cause of the anemia. The most common causes of macrocytic anemia are vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency. Pernicious anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia due to the body not being able to absorb vitamin B-12. Elderly, vegans, and alcoholics are more susceptible to developing macrocytic anemia. The most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron-deficiency anemia, usually due to poor dietary intake or blood loss, such as menstrual blood loss or through the gastrointestinal tract. Pregnancy, menstruating women, infants, and those with a diet low in iron may have an increased chanc...

About Gall bladder ___ In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species.

What is cancer ? Cancer is not a type of disease, but it occurs in many forms. There are more than 100 types of cancer. Most cancers are named after the organ or cells in which they begin - for example, cancer that starts in the colon is called colon cancer, a cancer that starts in the basal cells of the skin. Is called carcinoma. The term cancer is used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic system. Main categories of cancer Carcinoma: A cancer that occurs in the skin or in the tissues that make up or cover the levels of internal organs. Sarcoma: A cancer that starts in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective tissue or accessory. Leukemia: Cancer that begins in tissues such as the blood-forming bone marrow and causes the production of abnormal blood cells in large amounts and entry into the blood. Lymphoma and myeloma: A ...

What is the estimated no. of cells that the human body is composed of? Ans: 37.2 trilion What is the amount of blood contains in the human body? Ans: 5-6 litres. With how many bones the human skeletal system is composed of in adult age? Ans: 206 What is the largest organ in the human body? Ans: skin What is the largest gland? Ans: liver How many blood groups in the ABO system? Ans: 4 How many chambers in the human heart? Ans: 4 What is the average blood pressure of human being? Ans: 120/80 mmHg What is the weight of the brain? Ans: 1.36 kg What is the name of covering of central nervous system? Ans: meninges Which part of the brain controls anger, fear, body temperature? Ans: hypothalamus Which part occupies 80% of the brain? Ans: cerebram what is the function of retina? Ans: to create reflection of an image what is the master gland of the body? Ans: pituitary gland what is the amount of urine that a healthy human passes each day? Ans: 1500 ml what is the Ph of urine? Ans: 6 what is th...

What kind of drug is alcohol? Answer: Depressant Alcohol is a depressant; it messes with gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Glutamate neurotransmitter pathways. In both cases it causes less excitement of the cell, thus giving it its classification. It affects areas of the brain that are responsible for memory formation, decision making and impulse control. 2. When we drink alcohol, what, specifically, are we usually drinking? Answer: Ethyl alcohol Also known as ethanol, ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is the psychoactive drug present in all alcoholic drinks. Methyl alcohol (CH3OH), or methanol, is used as a fuel and as an antifreeze (amongst other things). It's highly toxic, with the potential to cause blindness and death. 3 .What is the active chemical in marijuana? Answer: Tetrahydrocannabinol Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, mimics anandamides. Anandamines stop the inhibition of dopamine. This process causes movement to slow down, calmness and a "high" sensation. 4...

Systems in the Human Body ✓Circulatory System (heart, blood, vessels) ✓Respiratory System (nose, trachea, lungs) ✓Immune System (many types of protein, cells, organs, tissues) ✓Skeletal System (bones) ✓Excretory System (lungs, large intestine, kidneys) ✓Urinary System (bladder, kidneys) ✓Muscular System (muscles) ✓Endocrine System (glands) ✓Digestive System (mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines) ✓Nervous System (brain, spinal cord, nerves) ✓Reproductive System (male and female reproductive organs)

आपदः संपदः काले  दैवादेवेति निश्चयी। तृप्तः स्वस्थेन्द्रियो नित्यं  न वान्छति न शोचति॥११- ३॥ संपत्ति (सुख) और विपत्ति (दुःख) का समय प्रारब्धवश (पूर्व कृत कर्मों के अनुसार) है, ऐसा निश्चित रूप से जानने वाला संतोष और निरंतर संयमितइन्द्रियों से युक्त हो जाता है। वह न इच्छा करता है और न शोक॥३॥ Good and bad times are due to previous actions (which decide fate). One who knows it with definiteness becomes content and gains regular control on senses. He neither desires nor gets disappointed.॥3॥ Ashtavakra Gita

सुखदुःखे जन्ममृत्यू  दैवादेवेति निश्चयी। साध्यादर्शी निरायासः  कुर्वन्नपि न लिप्यते॥११- ४॥ सुख-दुःख और जन्म-मृत्यु प्रारब्धवश (पूर्व कृत कर्मों के अनुसार) हैं, ऐसा निश्चित रूप से जानने वाला, फल की इच्छा न रखने वाला, सरलता से कर्म करते हुए भी उनसे लिप्त नहीं होता है॥४॥ Pleasure-pain and birth-death are due to previous actions (which decide fate). One who knows it with definiteness acts without desire. He acts playfully and never gets attached to them.॥4॥ Ashtavakra Gita

अष्टावक्र उवाच - भावाभावविकारश्च  स्वभावादिति निश्चयी। निर्विकारो गतक्लेशः  सुखेनैवोपशाम्यति॥११- १॥ श्री अष्टावक्र कहते हैं - भाव(सृष्टि, स्थिति) और अभाव(प्रलय, मृत्यु) रूपी विकार स्वाभाविक हैं, ऐसा निश्चित रूप से जानने वाला विकाररहित, दुखरहित होकर सुख पूर्वक शांति को प्राप्त हो जाता है॥१॥ Sri Ashtavakra says - Change of states like presence (visibility, birth) and absence (invisibility, death) occur naturally. One who knows it with definiteness becomes free from defects, free from pain and attains peace easily.॥1॥ Ashtavakra Gita

ईश्वरः सर्वनिर्माता  नेहान्य इति निश्चयी। अन्तर्गलितसर्वाशः शान्तः  क्वापि न सज्जते॥११- २॥ ईश्वर सबका सृष्टा है कोई अन्य नहीं ऐसा निश्चित रूप से जानने वाले की सभी आन्तरिक इच्छाओं का नाश हो जाता है। वह शांत पुरुष सर्वत्र आसक्ति रहित हो जाता है॥२॥ God is the creator of all and no one else. One who knows it with definiteness becomes free from all internal desires. That serene man becomes indifferent everywhere.॥2॥ Ashtavakra Gita

राज्यं सुताः कलत्राणि शरीराणि सुखानि च। संसक्तस्यापि नष्टानि तव जन्मनि जन्मनि॥१०- ६॥ पूर्व जन्मों में बहुत बार तुम्हारे राज्य, पुत्र, स्त्री, शरीर और सुखों का, तुम्हारी आसक्ति होने पर भी नाश हो चुका है॥६॥ In past lives, many times your kingdoms, children, wives, bodies and comforts have destroyed despite of your attachment to them.॥6॥ Ashtavakra Gita

अलमर्थेन कामेन सुकृतेनापि कर्मणा। एभ्यः संसारकान्तारे न विश्रान्तमभून् मनः॥१०- ७॥ पर्याप्त धन, इच्छाओं और शुभ कर्मों द्वारा भी इस संसार रूपी माया से मन को शांति नहीं मिली॥७॥ Any amount of wealth, desires and good deeds will not result in peace from this world of illusion. ॥7॥ Ashtavakra Gita

कृतं न कति जन्मानि कायेन मनसा गिरा। दुःखमायासदं कर्म तदद्याप्युपरम्यताम्॥१०- ८॥ कितने जन्मों में शरीर, मन और वाणी से दुःख के कारण कर्मों को तुमने नहीं किया? अब उनसे उपरत (विरक्त) हो जाओ॥८॥ In how many lives have you not taken pain in performing various activities with body, mind and speech. Now be non-attached to them.॥8॥ Ashtavakra Gita

यत्र यत्र भवेत्तृष्णा संसारं विद्धि तत्र वै। प्रौढवैराग्यमाश्रित्य वीततृष्णः सुखी भव॥१०- ३॥ जहाँ जहाँ आसक्ति हो उसको ही संसार जानो, इस प्रकार परिपक्व वैराग्य के आश्रय में तृष्णारहित होकर सुखी हो जाओ॥३॥ Wherever there is attachment, there is world! Applying this mature non-attachment be free of desires and attain happiness.॥3॥ Ashtavakra Gita

तृष्णामात्रात्मको बन्धस्- तन्नाशो मोक्ष उच्यते। भवासंसक्तिमात्रेण प्राप्तितुष्टिर्मुहुर्मुहुः॥१०- ४॥ तृष्णा (कामना) मात्र ही स्वयं का बंधन है, उसके नाश को मोक्ष कहा जाता है। संसार में अनासक्ति से ही निरंतर आनंद की प्राप्ति होती है॥४॥ Desires alone are the bondage for Self. Extinguishing desires is called liberation. Non-attachment to worldly things can only lead to continuous bliss.॥4॥ Ashtavakra Gita

त्वमेकश्चेतनः शुद्धो जडं विश्वमसत्तथा। अविद्यापि न किंचित्सा का बुभुत्सा तथापि ते॥१०- ५॥ तुम एक(अद्वितीय), चेतन और शुद्ध हो तथा यह विश्व अचेतन और असत्य है। तुममें अज्ञान का लेश मात्र भी नहीं है और जानने की इच्छा भी नहीं है॥५॥ You are one (without a second), conscious and pure and this world is non-conscious and illusory. You don't have a trace of ignorance and desire to know.॥5॥ Ashtavakra Gita