Proteins

Introduction

➖Proteins, which are basically biomolecules, play wide range of functions in the body of a living organism.

➖Proteins are made up of tiny elements of different types of amino acids.

➖A sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is known particularly by the sequence of a gene; gene is encoded in the genetic code.

➖After formation, proteins exist for a fixed period of time and are then degraded and recycled.

➖The proteins get recycled by the cell's machinery by the process of protein turnover.

➖Most of the proteins contain linear polymers made up of series of up to 20 different L-α-amino acids.

➖The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are connected by peptide bonds.

➖The peptide bond, usually, has two resonance forms, which contribute some double-bond characters.

Protein Structure

➖Most of the proteins illustrate unique 3-dimensional structures.

➖However, proteins have not a rigid structure, but rather, proteins may vary between several related structures especially when they perform their functions.

Types of Protein

➖Enzymes − enzymes play important role especially during the breakdown of molecules. Enzymes are also required for the digestion and growth of the cell.

➖Structural Proteins − such type of proteins provide strength to cells, tissues, and organs.

➖Signaling Proteins − Such proteins facilitate cells to communicate with each other by providing signals.

➖Defensive Proteins − Such proteins help organisms to fight with infection and support damaged tissue in healing fast.

➖Hormone − Some hormones are proteins that help in metabolic activities.