Skip to main content

Evolution within Angiosperms-1

Struggle for Existence and Survival of Fittest-18
Evolution within Angiosperms-1


      The evolution within Angiosperms can be traced easily if we, for the time being, follow a classificatory system. The system of classification I would like to follow is that proposed by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1862- 1883), two great taxonomists of all times, in their book ā€œGenera Plantarumā€. The preference to this system may be because it is a convenient system of classification of flowering plants and can easily be followed for field studies and that in India we use it in our curriculum. If we keep away the Gymnosperms from the middle, the classificatory scheme, especially that of Dicots, is more or less broadly similar to those proposed by Cronquist (1967) and Takhtajan (1980). Here we take most of the groups in the same sequence as in Genera Plantarum and evaluate what are the evolutionary strategies found in them one by one. But some of the groups like Magnoliales, Ranunculales, Rutales etc. are understood here as those with the recent circumscription.   
         
       G. Bentham and J. D. Hooker never bothered much about evolutionary concepts when they published ā€œGenera Plantarumā€ because Charles Darwin proposed the same only few years before (1859) and that the concepts of evolution were not broadly accepted. Later onwards when the theory of organic evolution was widely accepted, Hooker wanted to revise their system of classification but Bentham was not willing to do so. Bentham passed away in 1890ā€™s and Hooker never ever ventured to regroup the plants in an evolutionary view point.
      It would have been easy for Bentham and Hooker to revise their system of classification phylogenetically because almost all the accepted systems of classification such as those of Takhtajan, Cronquist, and Mabberly and even APG, have retained many of the basic groups proposed by B & H, albeit under varying groupings and naming. For the present moment I will follow the pattern of B & H and discuss how they can be arranged in a phylogenetic series.
Bentham and Hooker classified the Dicots based on the production of a tubular corolla (which may serve as a storage organ for nectar and also protect the essential organs in the very young stage as also to select the insects having a long proboscis to suck the nectar out) into Divisions Polypetalae and Gamopetalae and the plants without corolla in to a third Division Monochlamydeae. Since the petals were of utmost importance in attracting the pollinators, a plant without petals was definitely at a disadvantage and that may be the reason why Bentham and Hooker created the group Monochlamydeae. This corolla tube also helped in preventing insects with short proboscis to visit the flower -a clever way of giving access to particular type of insects which was very much essential to achieve pollinator specificity crucial in insect pollination. The adnation of stamens to corolla (epipetalous stamen) also was a clever technique to allow unhindered entry of insects to the corolla.

       Bentham and Hooker divided the first Division, the Polypetalae into three Series. This classification can be explained this way. The main concept prevalent in Polypetalae can be considered the protection and union of carpels. The first formed plants and their immediate descendants never understood these aspects. The ovaries of these plants were placed at the apex of the thalamus almost unprotected. This left the ovary and young fruits exposed to the insects and microbes. And also there was no provision for a convenient organ to produce and store nectar. The first group, as it was the first, was not in the know-how on how to protect the ovary, created their flowers on an uncondensed thalamus and thus the elongate thalamus of Ranales and globular thalamus of Malvales have been produced and all the plants with such a primitive thalamus (from which the stamens and carpels are protruding out) were grouped in the Series Thalamiflorae (means-flower on an open thalamus). The next group of plants, realizing the folly of an open Thalamus, produced a cup-shaped disc which would partially cover the ovary (in the base of essential whorls in some of them and almost covering the ovary as in advanced Celastrales) and also served as a nectary. These groups having a definite advantage over the plants of Thalamiflorae were grouped in the Disciflorae. The third group improved the protection of carpels and stamens by keeping them in a large thalamus cup which later fused with the ovary to make the ovary inferior and completely protected. This group was christened Calyciflorae.
 Of course within each group Thalamiflorae, Disciflorae and Calyciflorae different lines of specializations were found to be operative and these are explained below.

The first cohort (present day Order) Ranales, though having a common character of many stamens and carpels in spirals contained two distinct groups. One composed of the woody, mostly homoxylous trees elaborating volatile oils and the other mostly herbaceous plants producing bitter alkaloids. The former one is now separated as the Magnoliales and the latter, the Ranunculales.
        Magnoliales evidently was the first group which elaborated a complete flower having both calyx and corolla. In this taxon a number of primitive characters are seen such as homoxylous wood, leaf like stamens and incompletely closed carpels etc. Magnolia flower which is typical of this group was one of the first ā€œfinishedā€ flowers. Since this was one of the earliest flowers, a number of finer details were not worked out. The other primitive characters here were the tree habit, elongated thalamus, large number of spirally arranged stamens and many free carpels (and thus many seeds) also spirally arranged. The elongated thalamus holding the ripe carpels (later young seeds) and stamens were easy targets of herbivorous insects which found it easy to sit on the petals and eat away the ovules and ovaries. Probably this prompted the plant to understand the folly of an elongated thalamus (and that is why none of the other Angiosperms never ever produced an elongated thalamus). The plants of this group had volatile oils as the antimicrobial compounds (similar to the conifers).
      Ranunculales were the group evolved from the Magnoliales, after rectifying a number of disadvantageous (primitive) characters like tree habit, elongated thalamus etc and this group (through "Neoteny") evolved herbaceous plants (herbs and climbers) with a more or less spherical thalamus. But it did not change the spiral arrangement of essential whorls and apocarpy. Another breakthrough achieved here is the abandoning of the volatile oils and introducing a new group of extremely poisonous compounds, the benzyl isoquinoline alkloids. The Ranunculaceae and Menispermaceae were the two families with alkaloids and they included some of the most toxic plants. Between the two families Ranunculaceae and Menispermaceae, the latter was definitely more advanced because of the twining habit and unisexual flowers.
      Alkaloids as a defensive chemical was excellent at that time, but there existed a problem associated with them. Alkaloids are basic in nature occurring in plants as salts of organic acids. A high concentration of these compounds tilts the ionic balance of protoplasm and thus affects the metabolism of the parent plant. Also they would react with the very essential organic acids involved in metabolism. Because of these drawbacks another group of plants replaced alkaloids with less toxic insecticidals, the acetogenins. This group was the Annonaceae. Another line of evolution seen in the Annonaceae was the production of trimerous flowers (as in Monocots, which might have evolved from a precursor of the Annonaceae), a conical thalamus and a fleshy fruit in some members formed by the adhesion of the free carpels at a post-fertilization stage (eg. Annona).
         Somehow at this time, the plants realized that reduction in essential whorls especially carpels (to reduce the number of seeds) and fusion of carpels (to produce a solid fruit) will reduce the expenses and give a definite advantage. The fusion of carpels proceeded in two lines (a) fusion of open carpel and (b) fusion of closed carpels. The former line produced the group Parietales. In a few members, the carpels fused were three in number and a tricarpellary pistil as in Violaceae was produced. This fruit was a bladdery structure which did not possess much of a mechanical strength and would break easily. But within this order, the family Violaceae attempted a number of advanced features such as zygomorphy and production of nectaries (containing nectar, the food for insects). In slightly advanced members of this group, Capparaceae, the carpels were reduced to two and in further advancement, the Brassicaceae attempted erecting a cross wall between carpels (replum) which would give more mechanical strength to the fruits. Other advanced feature of the Brassicaceae was its tetradynamous stamen (placing the stamens at two heights; 4 at one height and two of a different height) which was a better way to ensure that the insect visitor brushes with any of the stamens.
      Probably learned from the setbacks suffered by Ranunculales because of the alkaloids, Parietales abolished these compounds and replaced them with a less toxic, pungent sulphur containing glycosides ā€“ the glucosinolates. These compounds get hydrolysed by an accompanying enzyme; when the plant was bruised and produced pungent isothiocyanates. These compounds made the plants ā€œhotā€ for taste (thus not preferred by animals). I remember an incident when a scientist working on a mutant mustard which produced non-pungent oil -free of glucosinolates or isothiocyanates ā€“ claimed that ā€œbefore (the mutation) peacocks would never used to eat mustard plant. But now (after mutation, when the glucosinolate production is blocked) the peacocks were seen eating the plant merrilyā€. I told that fellow ā€œHey man, you took away the defences of the poor Brassica plant. Now it will be very difficult for the plant to surviveā€. The glucosinolates were antimicrobial too (remember the sulpha-drugs the doctors recommend when we suffer from a fever) and thus protected the plants from microbial attack and this may be the reason why some Families of this order like Brassicaceae was successful and became one of the larger families of Angiosperms.
            Parietales were one line of evolution. The second line attempted the fusion of closed carpels. The closed carpels fused by the ventral sutures so that the ovules arose from the central axis resulting in axile placentation. Both Polygalales and Malvales attempted this mode of carpel fusion and produced fleshy or capsular fruits.
       I do not know why both Polygalales and Malvales did not pursue the parietalian defence method of the glucosinolates. Both of these orders discarded these compounds and produced saponins (Polygalales) or mucilages (Malvales).
       Polygalales exhibited a number of evolutionary trends such as introduction of zygomorphy in flowers and reduction of stamens to three and carpels to two. The production of a flower similar to those of Papilionaceae was achieved by the combined action of 2 posterior sepals and one anterior and two posterior petals. Stamens also were united (monadelphous). Saponins were the compounds discovered by these groups as the defensive compounds. The ability of saponins to haemolyse RBC, toxicity to fish and ability to convert to steroidal hormones might have been the reason for the acceptance of these compounds by these plants.
      Malvales presented evolution in another direction. They resorted to mucilage as their characteristic compounds. It is a well-known fact that animals do not relish mucilage containing plants. Any wounding of leaves / stem initiates the flow of ā€œtastelessā€ mucilage which will deter the herbivores feeding them. Moreover mucilages do not favour growth of microbes also. In addition, stellate hairs (to protect the epidermis from microbes and to reduce transpiration), bast fibres (which protect the food conducting tissue) and cyclopropenoid fatty acids such as sterculic and malvalic acids (the evolutionary significance of which is not known) are other features found here. Within the Malvales, Tiliaceae with many stamens and woody habit formed the basic group with Sterculiaceae forming one line of evolution (with tendency to unisexuality as in tribe Sterculieae, reduction of stamens to 5, cohesion of stamens to form a monadelphous condition and sterile staminodes becoming petalloid) and Malvaceae forming another line of evolution (with one-celled reniform anthers and stamens in monadelphous condition).
        The Caryophyllales followed another trend in evolution in reducing the number of ovules. The mechanism was simple. From axile placentation prevalent in Polygalales, Malvales or Guttiferales, this group evolved free central placentation by the dissolution of the septa in between the chambers. This produced a long free central placental cylinder (column) bearing all the ovules as in Caryophyllaceae. A reduction in height of this column resulted in basal parietal placentation as seen in Portulacaceae. This group is specialized in many different directions such as betacyanins, p-plastids, pantoporate type of pollen, abnormal secondary thickening in wood and a peculiar syndrome of embryological characters and thus is similar to the of Centrospermae (monochlamydeae) and thus now considered as a distinct subclass (will be discussed later)
       Guttiferae (Theales/Clusiales) is another primitive group like Magnoliales having a tree habit, flowers with many stamens and many carpels and contained tannins (like pteridosperms) or resins (like conifers) formed another line of evolution. Lacking the specializations of other groups, it is believed to be a basal order from which Disciflorae and Calyciflorae taxa are evolved. 

Sources:

1. Arthur Cronquist (1981) An Integrated System of Classification ofFlowering Plants, Columbia University Press, New York.
2. M. Daniel (2009) Taxonomy: Evolution at Work. Alpha Science International Ltd, Oxford, U. K. Indian Edition by Narosa Publishers, New Delhi. (Copies of book not available for sale, but PDF can be procured from author)

Mammen Daniel 

Comments

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Ayurveda and Panchakarma Clinic

Popular posts

ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤„ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¬ą¤µą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤˜ą¤°ą¤—ą„ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤‰ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤Æ (Home Remedies for Hair Loss)

ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤°ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤šą¤‚ ą¤¤ą„‡ą¤² (Coconut oil) ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤„ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¬ą¤µą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤…ą¤¤ą¤æą¤¶ą¤Æ ą¤—ą„ą¤£ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤°ą„€ ą¤†ą¤¹ą„‡. ą¤œą¤° ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤°ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„‡ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤®ą¤øą¤¾ą¤œ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤„ą¤æą¤Øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤šą„€ ą¤•ą„ą¤·ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤°ą„‹ą¤–ą¤²ą„€ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¤ą¤øą„‡ą¤š ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤Š ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤øą¤¤ą„‡ą¤œ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤°ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤šą„‡ ą¤¦ą„‚ą¤§ ą¤”ą„‹ą¤•ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤µą¤° ą¤šą„‹ą¤³ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ą¤¹ą„€ ą¤…ą¤øą„‡ą¤š ą¤šą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤—ą¤²ą„‡ ą¤Ŗą¤°ą¤æą¤£ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤¦ą¤æą¤øą„‚ą¤Ø ą¤Æą„‡ą¤¤ą¤¾ą¤¤. ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą¤¾ ą¤°ą¤ø (onion juice) ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤µą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą¤°ą„€ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤µą¤¾ą¤¢ą„€ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤Ŗą¤°ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤Ÿą¤•ą„ą¤•ą¤² ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤®ą„‡ą¤„ą„€ (fenugreek) ą¤µą¤¾ą¤Ÿą„‚ą¤Ø ą¤¤ą¤æą¤šą„€ ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤Ŗą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤²ą„€ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤µą¤²ą„€ ą¤¤ą¤°ą„€ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤¬ą„€ą¤Ÿ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤®ą„‡ą¤‚ą¤¦ą„€ (Beetroot and henna) ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤µą¤”ą¤° ą¤¹ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤ą¤•ą¤¤ą„ą¤° ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤µą„‚ą¤Ø, ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤šą„€ ą¤Ŗą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤µą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤•ą„‹ą¤°ą¤«ą¤” (aloe vera gel) ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤šą„‡ ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤„ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¬ą¤µą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤…ą¤¤ą¤æą¤¶ą¤Æ ą¤Ŗą¤°ą¤æą¤£ą¤¾ą¤®ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤• ą¤†ą¤¹ą„‡. ą¤•ą„‹ą¤°ą¤«ą¤”ą„€ą¤šą¤¾ ą¤—ą¤° ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤µą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤„ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¬ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¤ą¤øą„‡ą¤š ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤šą„€ ą¤µą¤¾ą¤¢ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤®ą¤Š ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤®ą¤œą¤¬ą„‚ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą¤¾ą¤¤. ą¤†ą¤µą¤³ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„€ ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤µą¤”ą¤° ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤²ą¤æą¤‚ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤šą¤¾ ą¤°ą¤ø ą¤”ą„‹ą¤•ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤µą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„‡ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤£ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¤ą¤øą„‡ą¤š ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤šą¤®ą¤• ą¤Æą„‡ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤°ą„‹ą¤œą¤®ą„‡ą¤°ą„€ą¤šą„‡ ą¤¤ą„‡ą¤² (rosemary oil) ą¤•ą„‡ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤µą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤¶ą¤°ą„€ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„€ą¤² ą¤²ą„‹ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤šą„‡ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤£ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤…ą¤øą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ą¤—ą¤³ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤®ą¤øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤‰ą¤¦ą„ą¤­ą¤µą„‚ ą¤¶ą¤•ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„‡ ą¤•ą„‡ą¤ø ...

ą¤¹ą„ą¤²ą¤¦ą„ą¤Æ ą¤°ą„‹ą¤—

 ą¤†ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‚ą¤Ø ą¤®ą¤æą¤³ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤±ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Ŗą„ˆą¤•ą„€ ą„§ą„¦ ą¤Ÿą¤•ą„ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤•ą¤æą¤‚ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¹ą„€ą¤Ŗą„‡ą¤•ą„ą¤·ą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤• ą¤øą„ą¤Øą¤æą¤—ą„ą¤§ ą¤Ŗą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą¤¾ą¤®ą¤§ą„‚ą¤Ø ą¤†ą¤²ą„‡ą¤²ą„‡ ą¤…ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą„‡ą¤¤. ą¤•ą„‹ą¤²ą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿą„‡ą¤°ą„‰ą¤² ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤•ą„‹ą¤²ą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿą„‡ą¤°ą„‰ą¤²ą¤Æą„ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤Ŗą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ ą¤µą¤œą„ą¤°ą„ą¤Æ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą„‡ą¤¤. ą¤°ą„‹ą¤œą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤†ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‚ą¤Ø ą„« ą¤®ą¤æą¤²ą¤æą¤—ą„ą¤°ą„…ą¤® ą¤•ą„‹ą¤²ą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿą„‡ą¤°ą„‰ą¤² ą¤–ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą¤°ą¤•ą¤¤ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„€, ą¤…ą¤—ą¤¦ą„€ ą¤øą„ą¤Øą¤æą¤—ą„ą¤§ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¶ą¤µą¤æą¤°ą¤¹ą¤æą¤¤ ą¤¦ą„ą¤§ą¤¾ą¤¤ą¤¹ą„€ (Skimmed Milk) ą¤®ą¤§ą„ą¤Æą„‡ ą¤„ą„‹ą¤”ą„‡ą¤øą„‡ ą¤•ą„‹ą¤²ą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿą„‡ą¤°ą„‰ą¤² ą¤…ą¤øą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤øą¤‚ą¤Ŗą„ƒą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤øą„ą¤Øą¤æą¤—ą„ą¤§ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¶ (Saturated Fats) ą¤œą¤µą¤³ą¤œą¤µą¤³ ą¤µą¤œą„ą¤°ą„ą¤Æ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą„‡ą¤¤. ą¤•ą„‹ą¤²ą„‡ą¤øą„ą¤Ÿą„‡ą¤°ą„‰ą¤²ą¤šą„€ ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¤ą¤³ą„€ ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¦ą„ƒą¤·ą„ą¤Ÿą„€ą¤Øą¤‚ ą¤‰ą¤Ŗą¤Æą„ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤…ą¤øą¤²ą„‡ą¤²ą„‡ ą¤Ŗą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¦ą¤¾, ą¤²ą¤øą„‚ą¤£, ą¤—ą¤¾ą¤œą¤°, ą¤µą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤—ą„‡, ą¤øą„‹ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¬ą„€ą¤Ø, ą¤øą„ą¤•ą„€ą¤® ą¤®ą¤æą¤²ą„ą¤•, ą¤¦ą„ą¤§ą¤¾ą¤šą¤‚ ą¤¦ą¤¹ą„€, ą¤øą¤«ą¤°ą¤šą¤‚ą¤¦ ą¤‡ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤Øą„‡ą¤¹ą¤®ą„€ ą¤†ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤ ą„‡ą¤µą¤¾ą¤µą„‡. 2. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤øą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤° ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤µą¤¾. ą¤®ą¤Ÿą¤£, ą¤šą¤æą¤•ą¤Ø ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤µą„‡. ą¤…ą¤‚ą¤”ą„Ÿą¤¾ą¤¤ą„€ą¤² ą¤Ŗą¤æą¤µą¤³ą¤¾ ą¤­ą¤¾ą¤— ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤µą¤¾. ą¤¦ą„ą¤§ą¤¾ą¤šą„‡ ą¤Ŗą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„- ą¤®ą¤²ą¤ˆ, ą¤¤ą„‚ą¤Ŗ, ą¤²ą„‹ą¤£ą„€, ą¤šą„€ą¤œ, ą¤Ŗą¤Øą„€ą¤°, ą¤®ą¤æą¤ ą¤¾ą¤ˆ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤Æą¤¤ą„‹ ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤µą„‡. ą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤°ą„€ ą¤…ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą„‡. (Have a gentle hunger always) 3. ą¤øą¤«ą¤°ą¤šą¤‚ą¤¦ ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ ą¤øą„‡ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤•ą„‡ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ƒą¤¦ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤µ ą¤°ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤µą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤æą¤Øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤‰ą¤Ŗą¤Æą„ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤ ą¤°ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤¹ą„‡ ą¤«ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤¬ą¤° ą¤¹ą„ƒą¤¦ą¤Æ ą¤°ą„‹ą¤— ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤¤ą„‡.  4. ą¤•ą¤æą¤®ą¤¾ą¤Ø ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤š ą¤¬ą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤šą¤¾ą¤° ą¤…ą¤•ą„ą¤°ą„‹ą¤” ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ ą¤–ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„‡ą¤¹ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤°ą„€ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„‡ą¤øą„‡ ą¤«ą„…ą¤Ÿ, ą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤æą¤Ÿą„…ą¤®ą¤æą¤Ø ą¤ˆ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤•ą„…ą¤²ą„ą¤¶ą¤æą¤Æą¤® ą¤®ą¤æą¤³ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤¬ą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤–ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ƒą¤¦ą¤Æą¤°ą„‹ą¤— ą¤•ą¤æą¤®ą¤¾ą¤Ø ą„Øą„¦ ą¤Ÿą¤•ą„ą¤•ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤‡ą¤¤ą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤¦ą„‚ą¤° ą¤ ą„‡ą¤µą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤Æą„‡ą¤¤ą„‹. ą¤…ą¤•ą„ą¤°ą„‹ą¤”ą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤æą¤Ÿą„…ą¤®ą¤æą¤Ø-ą¤ˆ...

ą¤‰ą¤Øą„ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤³ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤¤ą¤¬ą„ą¤Æą„‡ą¤¤ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤­ą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾..!!

ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤µ ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤Ŗą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ ą¤•ą¤²ą¤æą¤‚ą¤—ą¤” - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤øą¤«ą¤°ą¤šą¤‚ą¤¦ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤šą¤æą¤•ą„‚ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤øą¤‚ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą„€ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤†ą¤‚ą¤¬ą¤¾ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£             ą¤²ą¤æą¤‚ą¤¬ą„‚ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤¦ą¤¾ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤†ą¤²ą¤‚/ą¤²ą¤øą„‚ą¤£ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤•ą¤”ą„€ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤¬ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤Ÿą¤¾ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤²ą¤• - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤Ÿą„‰ą¤®ą„‡ą¤Ÿą„‹ ą¤•ą¤šą„ą¤šą¤¾ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤²ą„‡ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤•ą„‹ą¤¬ą„€ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤—ą¤¾ą¤œą¤° - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą¤¾ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤®ą¤æą¤°ą¤šą„€ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤®ą¤•ą¤¾ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤®ą„‡ą¤„ą„€ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤•ą„‹ą¤„ą¤æą¤‚ą¤¬ą„€ą¤°/ą¤Ŗą„ą¤¦ą¤æą¤Øą¤¾ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤µą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤—ą„‡ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤—ą¤µą¤¾ą¤° - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤­ą„‡ą¤‚ą¤”ą„€ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤§ą„€ ą¤­ą¤¾ą¤œą„€ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤” ą¤¬ą„€ą¤Ÿ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤¬ą¤”ą„€ą¤¶ą„‡ą¤Ŗ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤µą„‡ą¤²ą¤šą„€ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤Ŗą¤Ŗą¤ˆ - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£ ą¤…ą¤Øą¤Øą¤ø - ą¤‰ą¤·ą„ą¤£  ą¤”ą¤¾ą¤³ą„€ą¤‚ą¤¬ - ą¤„ą¤‚ą¤”  ą¤Šą¤øą¤¾ą¤šą¤¾ ą¤°ą¤ø ą¤¬ą¤°ą„ą¤« ą¤Ø ą¤˜ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¤ą¤¾ ...

ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤æ

ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤øą¤‚ą¤•ą¤Ÿ ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤øą¤®ą¤Æ ą¤®ą„‡ą¤‚ ą¤¹ą„€ ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤†ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ˆ, ą¤Æą¤¹ ą¤…ą¤œą„€ą¤¬ ą¤¹ą„ˆ ą¤•ą¤æ ą¤œą¤¬ ą¤øą¤¬ą¤øą„‡ ą¤œą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¦ą¤¾ ą¤œą¤°ą„‚ą¤°ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤¹ą„ˆ, ą¤¤ą„‹ ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤–ą„‹ ą¤¦ą¤æą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ˆ! ą¤œą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ą¤‚ ą¤•ą¤æ ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤ą¤• ą¤‰ą¤Ŗą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤° ą¤¹ą„ˆ, ą¤œą„‹ ą¤¹ą¤®ą„‡ą¤‚ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤šą„ą¤Øą„Œą¤¤ą¤æą¤Æą„‹ą¤‚ ą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤®ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤æ ą¤¦ą„‡ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ˆą„¤ ą¤†ą¤Æą„ą¤°ą„ą¤µą„‡ą¤¦ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Øą¤¶ą„ˆą¤²ą„€ ą¤•ą„‹ ą¤…ą¤Ŗą¤Øą¤¾ą¤•ą¤°, ą¤†ą¤Ŗ ą¤…ą¤Ŗą¤Øą„‡ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤®ą„‡ą¤‚ ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤æ ą¤•ą„‹ ą¤œą¤—ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤•ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ˆą¤‚, ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤øą„ą¤„ ą¤†ą¤¦ą¤¤ą„‡ą¤‚, ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤øą„ą¤„ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Øą¤¶ą„ˆą¤²ą„€, ą¤‰ą¤¤ą„ą¤øą¤¾ą¤¹, ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„‡ą¤®, ą¤–ą„ą¤¶ą„€, ą¤†ą¤Øą¤‚ą¤¦ ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤„ ą¤®ą¤æą¤²ą¤•ą¤°ą„¤ ą¤µą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®, ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®, ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą¤Øą¤¾, ą¤Æą„‹ą¤—, ą¤§ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Ø, ą¤øą¤•ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą¤• ą¤¦ą„ƒą¤·ą„ą¤Ÿą¤æą¤•ą„‹ą¤£ ą¤øą„‡ ą¤­ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø, ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą„‹ ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤æ ą¤øą„‡ ą¤­ą¤° ą¤¦ą„‡ą¤—ą¤¾, ą¤”ą¤° ą¤†ą¤Ŗ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤šą„ą¤Øą„Œą¤¤ą¤æą¤Æą„‹ą¤‚ ą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤®ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤²ą¤æą¤ ą¤¤ą„ˆą¤Æą¤¾ą¤° ą¤¹ą„‹ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤ą¤‚ą¤—ą„‡ą„¤ ą¤œą¤¬ ą¤†ą¤Ŗ ą¤†ą¤Æą„ą¤°ą„ą¤µą„‡ą¤¦ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Øą¤¶ą„ˆą¤²ą„€ ą¤•ą„‹ ą¤…ą¤Ŗą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ˆą¤‚, ą¤¤ą„‹ ą¤†ą¤Ŗ ą¤…ą¤Ŗą¤Øą„‡ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤®ą„‡ą¤‚ ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤æ ą¤•ą„‹ ą¤œą¤—ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ˆą¤‚, ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤®ą¤Ø ą¤”ą¤° ą¤¶ą¤°ą„€ą¤° ą¤¦ą„‹ą¤Øą„‹ą¤‚ ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤øą„ą¤„ ą¤”ą¤° ą¤®ą¤œą¤¬ą„‚ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„‹ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ˆą¤‚, ą¤”ą¤° ą¤†ą¤Ŗ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤šą„ą¤Øą„Œą¤¤ą¤æą¤Æą„‹ą¤‚ ą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤®ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤²ą¤æą¤ ą¤¤ą„ˆą¤Æą¤¾ą¤° ą¤¹ą„‹ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤¤ą„‡ ą¤¹ą„ˆą¤‚ą„¤ ą¤†ą¤‡ą¤ ą¤†ą¤œ ą¤ą¤• ą¤†ą¤Øą¤‚ą¤¦ą¤®ą¤Æ ą¤¦ą¤æą¤Ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą„ą¤­ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤®ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤°ą„‡ą¤‚, ą¤–ą„ą¤¶ ą¤°ą¤¹ą„‡ą¤‚, ą¤øą¤«ą¤²ą¤¤ą¤¾, ą¤–ą„ą¤¶ą„€, ą¤”ą¤° ą¤øą„ą¤‚ą¤¦ą¤° ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤Ŗą¤„ ą¤Ŗą¤° ą¤¬ą¤¢ą¤¼ą„‡ą¤‚ą„¤ ą¤†ą¤Æą„ą¤°ą„ą¤µą„‡ą¤¦ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Øą¤¶ą„ˆą¤²ą„€ ą¤•ą„‡ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤„ ą¤®ą¤æą¤²ą¤•ą¤°, ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą„‹ ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¶ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ą¤æ ą¤øą„‡ ą¤­ą¤° ą¤¦ą„‡ą¤—ą¤¾ą„¤ ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤µą¤æą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤øą„‡ ą¤­ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„‹, ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤øą„ą¤‚ą¤¦ą¤° ą¤¹ą„‹, ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤øą¤«ą¤² ą¤¹ą„‹, ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤œą„€ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤–ą„ą¤¶ą¤æą¤Æą„‹ą¤‚ ą¤øą„‡ ą¤­ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„‹ą„¤ ą¤¶ą„ą¤­ ą¤¦ą¤æą¤Ø...

The secrets of Ayurvedic digestive health and discover a happier, healthier you.

The Secrets of Ayurvedic Digestive Health. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to health and wellness. One of the key areas of focus in Ayurveda is digestive health. In this blog, we'll explore how Ayurveda helps regulate digestion and prevents digestive disorders. The Importance of Digestion in Ayurveda In Ayurveda, digestion is considered the foundation of overall health. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. When digestion is impaired, it can lead to a range of health problems, including digestive disorders, fatigue, and even mental health issues. Ayurvedic Principles of Digestive Health. Ayurveda offers a unique perspective on digestive health, based on the concept of the three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each dosha has its own characteristics and tendencies, and understanding your individual dosha can help you tailor your diet and lifestyle to support o...

ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„‡ -- ą¤˜ą¤°ą¤—ą„ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤‰ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤Æ.

ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤¹ą„€ ą¤…ą¤Øą„‡ą¤• ą¤œą¤£ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤®ą¤øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤†ą¤¹ą„‡. ą¤…ą¤Øą„‡ą¤• ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„‡ ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą¤¾ ą¤†ą¤œą¤¾ą¤° ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤Š ą¤¶ą¤•ą¤¤ą„‹. ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤¹ą„€ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą¤§ą¤—ą¤æą¤°ą„€ ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤³ą¤—ą„ą¤Ø ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤˜ą¤°ą¤—ą„ą¤¤ą„€ ą¤‡ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤œ ą¤•ą¤°ą„ą¤Ø ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤µą¤° ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤‚ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤£ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤Æą„‡ą¤Š ą¤¶ą¤•ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤†ą¤œ ą¤†ą¤Ŗą¤£ ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤° ą¤†ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ ą¤…ą¤¶ą¤¾ą¤š ą¤•ą¤¾ą¤¹ą„€ ą¤Ÿą¤æą¤Ŗą„ą¤ø ą¤œą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤®ą¤øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¦ą„‚ą¤° ą¤•ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤®ą¤¦ą¤¤ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤¤ą„€ą¤². šŸƒ *ą„§*. ą¤Ŗą¤‚ą¤–ą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤æą¤‚ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤ą¤øą„€ ą¤–ą¤¾ą¤²ą„€ ą¤ą„‹ą¤Ŗą„‚ ą¤Øą¤•ą¤¾. ą¤Ŗą¤‚ą¤–ą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤æą¤‚ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤ą¤øą„€ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤°ą¤³ ą¤¹ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤—ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤Øą¤²ą¤æą¤•ą¤¾ ą¤†ą¤•ą¤øą¤¤ą¤¾ą¤¤. šŸƒ *ą„Ø.* ą¤­ą¤°ą¤Ŗą„‚ą¤° ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤£ą„€ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¶ą¤°ą„€ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤•ą¤®ą¤¤ą¤°ą¤¤ą„‡ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„‡ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤• ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤—ą¤³ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą¤§ą„ą¤Æą„‡ ą¤•ą¤« ą¤µą¤¾ą¤¢ą¤¤ą„‹. ą¤œą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„‡ ą¤¶ą„ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤˜ą„‡ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤…ą¤”ą¤šą¤£ ą¤Æą„‡ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤¦ą¤æą¤µą¤øą¤­ą¤° ą„©-ą„Ŗ ą¤²ą¤æą¤Ÿą¤° ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤£ą„€ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤Æą¤¾. šŸƒ *ą„©.* ą¤Æą„‹ą¤— ą¤•ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤®ą¤øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¦ą„‚ą¤° ą¤•ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤•ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤²ą¤­ą¤¾ą¤¤ą¤æ ą¤†ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤® ą¤«ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤¦ą„‡ą¤¶ą„€ą¤° ą¤†ą¤¹ą„‡. šŸƒ *ą„Ŗ.*ą¤†ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą¤° ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤‚ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤£ ą¤ ą„‡ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą„€ą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤µą„‡ą¤³ą„€ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤øą„ą¤¤ ą¤–ą¤¾ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾. ą¤ą„‹ą¤Ŗą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤†ą¤§ą„€ ą¤•ą¤« ą¤µą¤¾ą¤¢ą¤µą¤£ą¤¾ą¤°ą„‡ ą¤Ŗą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„, ą¤œą¤øą„‡ ą¤•ą„€ ą¤¦ą„ą¤§, ą¤‘ą¤Æą¤²ą„€ ą¤«ą„‚ą¤”, ą¤šą„‰ą¤•ą¤²ą„‡ą¤Ÿ ą¤•ą¤æą¤‚ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤—ą„‹ą¤” ą¤–ą¤¾ą¤Š ą¤Øą¤•ą¤¾. šŸƒ *ą„«.*ą¤°ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤µą¤° ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤‚ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤£ ą¤ ą„‡ą¤µą¤¾ ą¤œą¤° ą¤°ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤¬ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤Øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤‚ą¤Ŗą„‡ą¤•ą„ą¤·ą¤¾ ą¤œą¤¾ą¤øą„ą¤¤ ą¤…ą¤øą„‡ą¤² ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„‡ ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤®ą¤øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤Š ą¤¶ą¤•ą¤¤ą„‡. ą¤°ą¤•ą„ą¤¤ ą¤¦ą¤¾ą¤¬ ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤‚ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤…ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą¤¾ šŸƒ *ą„¬.*ą¤µą¤œą¤Ø ą¤•ą¤®ą„€ ą¤•ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„‡ ą¤Ÿą¤¾ą¤³ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ ą„€ ą¤µą¤œą¤Øą¤¾ą¤µą¤° ą¤Øą¤æą¤Æą¤‚ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤£ ą¤…ą¤øą¤£ą„‡ ą¤–ą„‚ą¤Ŗ ą¤†ą¤µą¤¶ą„ą¤Æą¤• ą¤†ą¤¹ą„‡. ą¤œą¤¾ą¤øą„ą¤¤ ą¤µą¤œą¤Ø ą¤…ą¤øą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤˜ą„‹ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤šą„€ ą¤øą¤®ą¤øą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„‹ą¤¤ą„‡. šŸƒ *ą„­.*ą¤²ą¤øą„‚ą¤£ ą¤®ą„‹ą¤¹ą¤°ą„€ą¤šą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„‡ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤Øą„‡ ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤æą¤¶ ą„Ø-ą„© ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤•ą¤³ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤²ą¤øą„‚ą¤£ ą¤®ą„‹ą¤¹ą¤°ą„€ą¤š...

Boost your immunity naturally with Ayurveda.

The Power of Ayurveda: Boosting Immunity Naturally. In today's world, where diseases and infections are on the rise, having a strong immune system is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to boosting immunity naturally. In this blog, we'll explore the ways in which Ayurvedic herbs and practices can enhance the body's natural defense system. Understanding the Immune System. Before we dive into the world of Ayurveda, let's take a brief look at how the immune system works. The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. When the immune system is functioning properly, it can effectively fight off infections and diseases. Ayurvedic Herbs for Boosting Immunity. Ayurveda offers a wealth of herbs that can help boost immunity naturally. Some of ...

Dr Aditi R Kulkarni Kalyan India

Dr Aditi R Kulkarni                M.D.Ayurved Mumbai Ayurved and Panchakarma Yog Therapy Consultant Gokul Nagari , Khadakpada Kalyan West Maharashtra India 421301 Contact No + 91 9821608335  

DR. VARMA K SREEVIRAJ DOMBIVLI INDIA

DR VARMA K SREEVIRAJ Ayurvedic Expert & Panchakarma Specialist With a passion for providing personalized Ayurvedic solutions,  Dr. Varma K. Sreeviraj is a renowned Ayurvedic expert with years of experience in treating various health problems. His expertise lies in Ayurvedic consultations, treatments, and Panchakarma therapy. Qualifications - B.A.M.S. (Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine, and Surgery) - D.Y.M.S. (Diploma in Yoga and Meditation Sciences) Clinics & Timings Dr. Varma operates from three clinics in Dombivli: 1. Gandhi Nagar Clinic     - Address: Plot No. 34, Varma Apts., Nr. Subhash Dairy & DNS Bank, Gandhi Nagar, Dombivli East, Maharashtra, India, Pin 421201     - Time: 1.00 p.m. to 2.00 p.m. 2. Dombivli East Clinic     - Address: Above Varma Stores, Opp. Kailash Mandir & Railway Station, Dombivli East, Maharashtra, India, Pin 421201     - Time: 10 a.m. to 1.00 p.m. & 5.00 p.m. to 9.00 p.m. 3. Dombivli West C...

Reduce inflammation naturally with Ayurveda.

Reducing Inflammation with Ayurveda: A Natural Approach to Pain Relief. Inflammation is a natural response of the body's immune system, but chronic inflammation can lead to debilitating pain and discomfort. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a natural approach to reducing inflammation and alleviating chronic pain. In this blog, we'll explore the Ayurvedic treatments and herbs that can help reduce inflammation and promote overall well-being. Understanding Inflammation Inflammation is a complex process that involves the immune system's response to injury or infection. While acute inflammation is a necessary response to injury, chronic inflammation can lead to a range of health problems, including arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. Ayurveda recognizes that inflammation is often caused by an imbalance of the three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Ayurvedic Treatments for Reducing Inflammation Ayurveda offers a range of treatments for reducin...